Title Explenations
Knyaz
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
"Knez" redirects here. For other uses, see Knez (disambiguation).
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2008)
Until Boris I (852–889) the title of the Bulgarian monarchs was Knyaz. His son, Simeon I (893–927) adopted the title Tsar (Emperor) which became the title of the subsequent Bulgarian rulers.
Kniaz, knyaz or knez is a Slavic title found in most Slavic languages, denoting a royal nobility rank. It is usually translated into English either as Prince or less commonly as Duke.
In the Vatican, some Croatian un-crowned rulers and kings, such as Duke Trpimir I and King Stjepan Držislav, were referred to as "Dux Croatorum" or "Dux Chroatorum". Historians usually translate the title Duke as "Knez", but it's still a subject of discussion since "Knez" is commonly used to designate a nobleman, but not a monarch i.e. a king.
Today the term knez is still used as the most common translation of "prince" in Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian literature. Another translation is kraljević (Slovene: kraljevič) meaning "little king" or "kingly", such as Kraljević Marko, though this term is used to refer to a prince or princess of royal birth, son or daughter of a king. Knez is nowadays a very common surname in some ex-Yugoslavian countries, mostly inCroatia, Montenegro and Serbia, but also among immigrants in Slovenia and Bosnia
The female form transliterated from Bulgarian and Russian is knyaginya (княгиня), kniahynia (княгиня) in Ukrainian, kneginja in Slovene,Croatian and Serbian (Serbian Cyrillic: кнегиња). In Russian, the daughter of a knyaz is knyazhna (княжна), in Ukrainian is kniazivna(князівна). In Russian, the son of a knyaz is knyazhich (княжич) (old form).
The title is pronounced and written similarly in different European languages. In Croatian, Bosnian and West Slavic languages, such as Polish, and Serbian, the word has later come to denote "lord", and in Czech, Polish and Slovak also came to mean "priest" (kněz, ksiądz, kňaz) as well as "duke" (knez, kníže, książę, knieža).[1]
Khagan
Khagan or Kha Khan or Qagan (Old Turkic: Kaγan; Mongolian: хаан, Khaan, Mongolian Script: Qaγan; Chinese: Pinyin: Kè hán or Chinese: 大汗; pinyin: Dà hán; Persian: خاقان, Khāqān), alternatively spelled Kağan, Kagan, Khaghan, Kha-khan,Xagahn, Qaghan, Chagan, or Kha'an, is a title of imperial rank in the Mongolian and Turkic languages equal to the status of emperor and someone who rules a khaganate (empire). The words "khagan" and "khan" are distinct today, though historically they were the same.
It may also be translated as Khan of Khans, equivalent to King of Kings. In modern Mongolian, the title became Khaan with the 'g' sound becoming almost silent or non-existent (i.e., a very light voiceless velar fricative); the ğ in modern Turkish Kağan is also silent. Since the civil war of the Mongol Empire, Emperors of the Yuan Dynasty held the title of Khagan and their successors in Mongolia continued to have the title. Kağan is a common Turkish name in Turkey. The common western rendering as Great Khan (or Grand Khan), notably in the case of the Mongol Empire, is translation of Yekhe Khagan (Great Emperor or Их Хаан).
Tsar (Tzar, Czar, or Csar)
For other uses, see Tsar (disambiguation).
Reception of the Tsar of Russia in the Moscow Kremlin.
Tsar (Tzar, Czar, or Csar) Bulgarian, Macedonian, Serbian and Ukrainian: цар; Russian: царь [tsarʲ] (help·info)) is a title used to designate certain European Slavic monarchs or supreme rulers. As a system of government in the Tsardom of Russia and Russian Empire, it is known as Tsarist autocracy, or Tsarism. The term is derived from the Latin word Caesar, which was intended to mean "Emperor" in the European medieval sense of the term - a ruler with the same rank as aRoman emperor, holding it by the approval of another emperor or a supreme ecclesiastical official (the Pope or theEcumenical Patriarch) - but was usually considered by western Europeans to be equivalent to king, or to be somewhat in between a royal and imperial rank.
Occasionally, the word could be used to designate other, secular, supreme rulers. In Russia and Bulgaria the imperial connotations of the term were blurred with time, due to the medieval translations of the Bible, and, by the 19th century, it had come to be viewed as an equivalent of King.
"Tsar" was the official title of the supreme and great ruler in the following states:
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
"Knez" redirects here. For other uses, see Knez (disambiguation).
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2008)
Until Boris I (852–889) the title of the Bulgarian monarchs was Knyaz. His son, Simeon I (893–927) adopted the title Tsar (Emperor) which became the title of the subsequent Bulgarian rulers.
Kniaz, knyaz or knez is a Slavic title found in most Slavic languages, denoting a royal nobility rank. It is usually translated into English either as Prince or less commonly as Duke.
In the Vatican, some Croatian un-crowned rulers and kings, such as Duke Trpimir I and King Stjepan Držislav, were referred to as "Dux Croatorum" or "Dux Chroatorum". Historians usually translate the title Duke as "Knez", but it's still a subject of discussion since "Knez" is commonly used to designate a nobleman, but not a monarch i.e. a king.
Today the term knez is still used as the most common translation of "prince" in Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian literature. Another translation is kraljević (Slovene: kraljevič) meaning "little king" or "kingly", such as Kraljević Marko, though this term is used to refer to a prince or princess of royal birth, son or daughter of a king. Knez is nowadays a very common surname in some ex-Yugoslavian countries, mostly inCroatia, Montenegro and Serbia, but also among immigrants in Slovenia and Bosnia
The female form transliterated from Bulgarian and Russian is knyaginya (княгиня), kniahynia (княгиня) in Ukrainian, kneginja in Slovene,Croatian and Serbian (Serbian Cyrillic: кнегиња). In Russian, the daughter of a knyaz is knyazhna (княжна), in Ukrainian is kniazivna(князівна). In Russian, the son of a knyaz is knyazhich (княжич) (old form).
The title is pronounced and written similarly in different European languages. In Croatian, Bosnian and West Slavic languages, such as Polish, and Serbian, the word has later come to denote "lord", and in Czech, Polish and Slovak also came to mean "priest" (kněz, ksiądz, kňaz) as well as "duke" (knez, kníže, książę, knieža).[1]
Khagan
Khagan or Kha Khan or Qagan (Old Turkic: Kaγan; Mongolian: хаан, Khaan, Mongolian Script: Qaγan; Chinese: Pinyin: Kè hán or Chinese: 大汗; pinyin: Dà hán; Persian: خاقان, Khāqān), alternatively spelled Kağan, Kagan, Khaghan, Kha-khan,Xagahn, Qaghan, Chagan, or Kha'an, is a title of imperial rank in the Mongolian and Turkic languages equal to the status of emperor and someone who rules a khaganate (empire). The words "khagan" and "khan" are distinct today, though historically they were the same.
It may also be translated as Khan of Khans, equivalent to King of Kings. In modern Mongolian, the title became Khaan with the 'g' sound becoming almost silent or non-existent (i.e., a very light voiceless velar fricative); the ğ in modern Turkish Kağan is also silent. Since the civil war of the Mongol Empire, Emperors of the Yuan Dynasty held the title of Khagan and their successors in Mongolia continued to have the title. Kağan is a common Turkish name in Turkey. The common western rendering as Great Khan (or Grand Khan), notably in the case of the Mongol Empire, is translation of Yekhe Khagan (Great Emperor or Их Хаан).
Tsar (Tzar, Czar, or Csar)
For other uses, see Tsar (disambiguation).
Reception of the Tsar of Russia in the Moscow Kremlin.
Tsar (Tzar, Czar, or Csar) Bulgarian, Macedonian, Serbian and Ukrainian: цар; Russian: царь [tsarʲ] (help·info)) is a title used to designate certain European Slavic monarchs or supreme rulers. As a system of government in the Tsardom of Russia and Russian Empire, it is known as Tsarist autocracy, or Tsarism. The term is derived from the Latin word Caesar, which was intended to mean "Emperor" in the European medieval sense of the term - a ruler with the same rank as aRoman emperor, holding it by the approval of another emperor or a supreme ecclesiastical official (the Pope or theEcumenical Patriarch) - but was usually considered by western Europeans to be equivalent to king, or to be somewhat in between a royal and imperial rank.
Occasionally, the word could be used to designate other, secular, supreme rulers. In Russia and Bulgaria the imperial connotations of the term were blurred with time, due to the medieval translations of the Bible, and, by the 19th century, it had come to be viewed as an equivalent of King.
"Tsar" was the official title of the supreme and great ruler in the following states:
- First Bulgarian Empire, in 913–1018
- Second Bulgarian Empire, in 1185–1422
- Serbian Empire, in 1346–1371
- Tsardom of Russia, in 1547–1721 (replaced in 1721 by imperator, but remained in common usage until 1917)
- Tsardom of Bulgaria, in 1908–1946