HISTORY ABOUT THE BOYAR PRINCES
IMPERIAL SOVEREIGN TIBERIAN DOBRYNIAN The Sovereign Imperial Roman Order of the Dragon
Boyar Noble
Portrait of Russian Boyar Pyotr Potemkin 1681-1682.
Who was the Boyars?
The term boyar describes the landholding gentry of eastern Europe, who were considered nobility by birthright i.e. princes castes and were the ruling class caste of kingdoms of most countries and principalities. By custom, the boyars normally elected their own monarchs from their own kins/clam/tribe (in russia this was done trough the Boyar duma) from their clans/tribe/family with selections from specific ruling boyar families, or boyar houses as cheiftains for their Clan/Tribe. Boyars ruled their own tracts of land with relative autonomy, but they were expected to show loyalty to their elected kin rulers and set aside common disputes and power struggles in defense of the kingdom to keep peace.
The Boyars was VERY powerful nobles.
The Boyars was also known to be of non Christian and followed the very ancient earthdweller belifs, They was followers of patheons beliving in the Odinic and Greek and roman pantheon ancient earthdweller religions, some Boyars was even Buddhist and Hinduists and they was later on forced to be Christian Orthodox or Catholics later.
The Boyars has even an pre christian cross named the Boyar cross wich showes the very old age of their belifsystem. On the Cross it says "King over kings of Kings - INRI" wich means King by right choosen by god-God Kings.
Historically, these members of the royal nobility took up the highest ranks within military and civil posts and also formed a supreme council, the Boyar Duma, from the early centuries of Kievan Rus (10th-12th) until the time of Peter the Great (17th), when he did away with the Boyar rank in Russia and announced himself Emperor of all Russia. (Emperor is same status ranking as Cesar)
Description of an Boyar from Wikipedia:
A boyar, or bolyar (Bulgarian: боляр or болярин; Ukrainian: буй or боярин; Russian: боя́рин, tr. boyarin; IPA: [bˈjarʲɪn]; Romanian: boier [boier] Greek: βογιάρος), was a member of the highest rank of the feudal Bulgarian, Moscovian, Kievan Russian, Wallachian, and Moldavian aristocracies, second only to the ruling princes (in Bulgaria, tsars), from the 10th century to the 17th century. The rank has lived on as a surname in Russia, Romania, and Finland, where it is spelt Pajari.
(See page: Nobles of Pajari Family of Finland and Sweden on this site)
Feudal
adj feudal [ˈfjuːdl] of the system by which people gave certain services eg military support to a more powerful man in return for lands, protection etc. n feudalism
http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/feudal
Feudalism meaning - Dictonary
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/feudalism
What is Feudualism?
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feudalism
The term boyar describes the landholding gentry of eastern Europe, who were considered nobility by birthright i.e. princes castes and were the ruling class caste of kingdoms of most countries and principalities. By custom, the boyars normally elected their own monarchs from their own kins/clam/tribe (in russia this was done trough the Boyar duma) from their clans/tribe/family with selections from specific ruling boyar families, or boyar houses as cheiftains for their Clan/Tribe. Boyars ruled their own tracts of land with relative autonomy, but they were expected to show loyalty to their elected kin rulers and set aside common disputes and power struggles in defense of the kingdom to keep peace.
The Boyars was VERY powerful nobles.
The Boyars was also known to be of non Christian and followed the very ancient earthdweller belifs, They was followers of patheons beliving in the Odinic and Greek and roman pantheon ancient earthdweller religions, some Boyars was even Buddhist and Hinduists and they was later on forced to be Christian Orthodox or Catholics later.
The Boyars has even an pre christian cross named the Boyar cross wich showes the very old age of their belifsystem. On the Cross it says "King over kings of Kings - INRI" wich means King by right choosen by god-God Kings.
Historically, these members of the royal nobility took up the highest ranks within military and civil posts and also formed a supreme council, the Boyar Duma, from the early centuries of Kievan Rus (10th-12th) until the time of Peter the Great (17th), when he did away with the Boyar rank in Russia and announced himself Emperor of all Russia. (Emperor is same status ranking as Cesar)
Description of an Boyar from Wikipedia:
A boyar, or bolyar (Bulgarian: боляр or болярин; Ukrainian: буй or боярин; Russian: боя́рин, tr. boyarin; IPA: [bˈjarʲɪn]; Romanian: boier [boier] Greek: βογιάρος), was a member of the highest rank of the feudal Bulgarian, Moscovian, Kievan Russian, Wallachian, and Moldavian aristocracies, second only to the ruling princes (in Bulgaria, tsars), from the 10th century to the 17th century. The rank has lived on as a surname in Russia, Romania, and Finland, where it is spelt Pajari.
(See page: Nobles of Pajari Family of Finland and Sweden on this site)
Feudal
adj feudal [ˈfjuːdl] of the system by which people gave certain services eg military support to a more powerful man in return for lands, protection etc. n feudalism
http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/feudal
Feudalism meaning - Dictonary
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/feudalism
What is Feudualism?
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feudalism
Boyar beard and their high Hats
A specific detail one can spot in any Boyar is his bushy beard. Traditionally, the male population of Russia and especially Boyars, the keepers of all traditions as they were, were obliged to wear beards according to religious order and also to show social status/rank. The punishment for shaving was barely less serious than the penalty for murder of a free man. (Free man=Nobility)
A makeover of the Russian people began after Peter the Great came back to Moscow after his Grand Embassy to Europe. The day after his return, he ordered scissors, and himself cut several noblemen’s beards in public. The Boyars were shocked and humiliated, fiercely condemning Peter’s new practice. There were even those who committed suicide after losing their beards.
All across Russia, people believed shaving to be a sin, and priests denied their blessing to those without beards.
The Boyars saw Peter’s actions as an attempt to disrupt the very pillars of Russian noble life.
As a result, the Tsar imposed back-breaking taxes on those who insisted on wearing facial hair to encourage Russians to adopt the Western European custom.
Special metal tokens were used as proof of payment of the ‘beard tax’.
Stubborn Boyars had to pay the top facial hair tariff until it was abolished later in the 18th century.
It is also known that their high hats except the beard was an showing of their status, the higher hat they had and the longer beard they had the higher social status they also had in noble rank in society.
It is like the story of Samson and his long hair that gotten to be cut in his sleep, The power of the hair! A bit funny.
A specific detail one can spot in any Boyar is his bushy beard. Traditionally, the male population of Russia and especially Boyars, the keepers of all traditions as they were, were obliged to wear beards according to religious order and also to show social status/rank. The punishment for shaving was barely less serious than the penalty for murder of a free man. (Free man=Nobility)
A makeover of the Russian people began after Peter the Great came back to Moscow after his Grand Embassy to Europe. The day after his return, he ordered scissors, and himself cut several noblemen’s beards in public. The Boyars were shocked and humiliated, fiercely condemning Peter’s new practice. There were even those who committed suicide after losing their beards.
All across Russia, people believed shaving to be a sin, and priests denied their blessing to those without beards.
The Boyars saw Peter’s actions as an attempt to disrupt the very pillars of Russian noble life.
As a result, the Tsar imposed back-breaking taxes on those who insisted on wearing facial hair to encourage Russians to adopt the Western European custom.
Special metal tokens were used as proof of payment of the ‘beard tax’.
Stubborn Boyars had to pay the top facial hair tariff until it was abolished later in the 18th century.
It is also known that their high hats except the beard was an showing of their status, the higher hat they had and the longer beard they had the higher social status they also had in noble rank in society.
It is like the story of Samson and his long hair that gotten to be cut in his sleep, The power of the hair! A bit funny.
Boyar Counsil and Duma
Boyar Council (Boiarska Rada)
The council of boyars and higher clergy was, from the 10th century, one of the three agencies—along with the prince and the assembly (viche)—of the central government of Kyivan Rus'. Together with the prince, the council discussed and decided important matters of internal and foreign policy, religion, and legislation. Sometimes it even ruled on the division of princely domains and sat as a court in judgment on princes and members of their families. The Boyar Council was a permanent political-judicial body, which was based on the prince's obligation to confer with the boyars of his domain.
As boyar landownership increased and as the principalities became more numerous, smaller, and weaker, the power of the Boyar Council increased. Its power was determined to a great extent by local conditions, the traditions of the local principality, and its location. The Boyar Council of Galicia had a particularly great and often detrimental influence on state affairs. It even went so far as to elect a boyar of non-princely lineage to the throne, a unique event in the history of Ukraine.
Beyond the Ukrainian principalities, in Suzdal and Vladimir, the Boyar Council was only a voluntarily called, advisory body to the ruler. In Muscovy the council, which was called the Boyar Duma (1547–1711), was an advisory body of the absolute monarch and conducted itself according to the principle ‘the ruler has indicated his wish, and the boyars have passed sentence.’ Only when there was no tsar did the duma exercise its legislative and other powers independently. The Council of Lords in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania was modeled on the Boyar Council.
Text by: Ya. Padokh
Source Encyclopedia of Ukraine About the Boyar Council
The council of boyars and higher clergy was, from the 10th century, one of the three agencies—along with the prince and the assembly (viche)—of the central government of Kyivan Rus'. Together with the prince, the council discussed and decided important matters of internal and foreign policy, religion, and legislation. Sometimes it even ruled on the division of princely domains and sat as a court in judgment on princes and members of their families. The Boyar Council was a permanent political-judicial body, which was based on the prince's obligation to confer with the boyars of his domain.
As boyar landownership increased and as the principalities became more numerous, smaller, and weaker, the power of the Boyar Council increased. Its power was determined to a great extent by local conditions, the traditions of the local principality, and its location. The Boyar Council of Galicia had a particularly great and often detrimental influence on state affairs. It even went so far as to elect a boyar of non-princely lineage to the throne, a unique event in the history of Ukraine.
Beyond the Ukrainian principalities, in Suzdal and Vladimir, the Boyar Council was only a voluntarily called, advisory body to the ruler. In Muscovy the council, which was called the Boyar Duma (1547–1711), was an advisory body of the absolute monarch and conducted itself according to the principle ‘the ruler has indicated his wish, and the boyars have passed sentence.’ Only when there was no tsar did the duma exercise its legislative and other powers independently. The Council of Lords in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania was modeled on the Boyar Council.
Text by: Ya. Padokh
Source Encyclopedia of Ukraine About the Boyar Council
Knyaz
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
"Knez" redirects here. For other uses, see Knez (disambiguation).
Until Boris I (852–889) the title of the Bulgarian monarchs was Knyaz. His son, Simeon I (893–927) adopted the title Tsar (Emperor) which became the title of the subsequent Bulgarian rulers.
Kniaz, knyaz or knez is a Slavic title found in most Slavic languages, denoting a royal nobility rank. It is usually translated into English either as Prince or less commonly as Duke/Earl/Lord. (See Tudor)
In the Vatican, some Croatian un-crowned rulers and kings, such as Duke Trpimir I and King Stjepan Držislav, were referred to as "Dux Croatorum" or "Dux Chroatorum". Historians usually translate the title Duke as "Knez", but it's still a subject of discussion since "Knez" is commonly used to designate a nobleman, but not a monarch i.e. a king.
Today the term knez is still used as the most common translation of "prince" in Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian literature. Another translation is kraljević (Slovene: kraljevič) meaning "little king" or "kingly", such as Kraljević Marko, though this term is used to refer to a prince or princess of royal birth, son or daughter of a king. Knez is nowadays a very common surname in some ex-Yugoslavian countries, mostly inCroatia, Montenegro and Serbia, but also among immigrants in Slovenia and Bosnia
The female form transliterated from Bulgarian and Russian is knyaginya (княгиня), kniahynia (княгиня) in Ukrainian, kneginja in Slovene,Croatian and Serbian (Serbian Cyrillic: кнегиња). In Russian, the daughter of a knyaz is knyazhna (княжна), in Ukrainian is kniazivna(князівна). In Russian, the son of a knyaz is knyazhich (княжич) (old form).
The title is pronounced and written similarly in different European languages. In Croatian, Bosnian and West Slavic languages, such as Polish, and Serbian, the word has later come to denote "lord", and in Czech, Polish and Slovak also came to mean "priest" (kněz, ksiądz, kňaz) as well as "duke" (knez, kníže, książę, knieža).
Picture above: Until Boris I (852–889) the title of the Bulgarian monarchs was Knyaz. His son, Simeon I (893–927) adopted the title Tsar (Emperor) which became the title of the subsequent Bulgarian rulers.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
"Knez" redirects here. For other uses, see Knez (disambiguation).
Until Boris I (852–889) the title of the Bulgarian monarchs was Knyaz. His son, Simeon I (893–927) adopted the title Tsar (Emperor) which became the title of the subsequent Bulgarian rulers.
Kniaz, knyaz or knez is a Slavic title found in most Slavic languages, denoting a royal nobility rank. It is usually translated into English either as Prince or less commonly as Duke/Earl/Lord. (See Tudor)
In the Vatican, some Croatian un-crowned rulers and kings, such as Duke Trpimir I and King Stjepan Držislav, were referred to as "Dux Croatorum" or "Dux Chroatorum". Historians usually translate the title Duke as "Knez", but it's still a subject of discussion since "Knez" is commonly used to designate a nobleman, but not a monarch i.e. a king.
Today the term knez is still used as the most common translation of "prince" in Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian literature. Another translation is kraljević (Slovene: kraljevič) meaning "little king" or "kingly", such as Kraljević Marko, though this term is used to refer to a prince or princess of royal birth, son or daughter of a king. Knez is nowadays a very common surname in some ex-Yugoslavian countries, mostly inCroatia, Montenegro and Serbia, but also among immigrants in Slovenia and Bosnia
The female form transliterated from Bulgarian and Russian is knyaginya (княгиня), kniahynia (княгиня) in Ukrainian, kneginja in Slovene,Croatian and Serbian (Serbian Cyrillic: кнегиња). In Russian, the daughter of a knyaz is knyazhna (княжна), in Ukrainian is kniazivna(князівна). In Russian, the son of a knyaz is knyazhich (княжич) (old form).
The title is pronounced and written similarly in different European languages. In Croatian, Bosnian and West Slavic languages, such as Polish, and Serbian, the word has later come to denote "lord", and in Czech, Polish and Slovak also came to mean "priest" (kněz, ksiądz, kňaz) as well as "duke" (knez, kníže, książę, knieža).
Picture above: Until Boris I (852–889) the title of the Bulgarian monarchs was Knyaz. His son, Simeon I (893–927) adopted the title Tsar (Emperor) which became the title of the subsequent Bulgarian rulers.
Khagan.
Khagan
Khagan or Kha Khan or Qagan (Old Turkic: Kaγan; Mongolian: хаан, Khaan, Mongolian Script: Qaγan; Chinese: Pinyin: Kè hán or Chinese: 大汗; pinyin: Dà hán; Persian: خاقان, Khāqān), alternatively spelled Kağan, Kagan, Khaghan, Kha-khan,Xagahn, Qaghan, Chagan, or Kha'an, is a title of imperial rank in the Mongolian and Turkic languages equal to the status of emperor and someone who rules a khaganate (empire). The words "khagan" and "khan" are distinct today, though historically they were the same.
It may also be translated as Khan of Khans, equivalent to King of Kings. In modern Mongolian, the title became Khaan with the 'g' sound becoming almost silent or non-existent (i.e., a very light voiceless velar fricative); the ğ in modern Turkish Kağan is also silent. Since the civil war of the Mongol Empire, Emperors of the Yuan Dynasty held the title of Khagan and their successors in Mongolia continued to have the title. Kağan is a common Turkish name in Turkey. The common western rendering as Great Khan (or Grand Khan), notably in the case of the Mongol Empire, is translation of Yekhe Khagan (Great Emperor or Их Хаан).
Khagan or Kha Khan or Qagan (Old Turkic: Kaγan; Mongolian: хаан, Khaan, Mongolian Script: Qaγan; Chinese: Pinyin: Kè hán or Chinese: 大汗; pinyin: Dà hán; Persian: خاقان, Khāqān), alternatively spelled Kağan, Kagan, Khaghan, Kha-khan,Xagahn, Qaghan, Chagan, or Kha'an, is a title of imperial rank in the Mongolian and Turkic languages equal to the status of emperor and someone who rules a khaganate (empire). The words "khagan" and "khan" are distinct today, though historically they were the same.
It may also be translated as Khan of Khans, equivalent to King of Kings. In modern Mongolian, the title became Khaan with the 'g' sound becoming almost silent or non-existent (i.e., a very light voiceless velar fricative); the ğ in modern Turkish Kağan is also silent. Since the civil war of the Mongol Empire, Emperors of the Yuan Dynasty held the title of Khagan and their successors in Mongolia continued to have the title. Kağan is a common Turkish name in Turkey. The common western rendering as Great Khan (or Grand Khan), notably in the case of the Mongol Empire, is translation of Yekhe Khagan (Great Emperor or Их Хаан).
A Khagan that liked all superstitious stuff and magick things was Genghis Khan.
Ghenghis Kahn Excempted the poor from taxes, encouraged literacy and established free religion, which is why many joined his Empire.,
Tzar Nicolai II of Russia
Tsar/Tzar/ Czar/Csar
Tsar (Tzar, Czar, or Csar) Bulgarian, Macedonian, Serbian and Ukrainian: цар; Russian: царь [tsarʲ] (help·info)) is a title used to designate certain European Slavic monarchs or supreme rulers. As a system of government in the Tsardom of Russia and Russian Empire, it is known as Tsarist autocracy, or Tsarism. The term is derived from the Latin word Caesar, which was intended to mean "Emperor" in the European medieval sense of the term - a ruler with the same rank as aRoman emperor, holding it by the approval of another emperor or a supreme ecclesiastical official (the Pope or theEcumenical Patriarch) - but was usually considered by western Europeans to be equivalent to king, or to be somewhat in between a royal and imperial rank.
Occasionally, the word could be used to designate other, secular, supreme rulers. In Russia and Bulgaria the imperial connotations of the term were blurred with time, due to the medieval translations of the Bible, and, by the 19th century, it had come to be viewed as an equivalent of King.
"Tsar" was the official title of the supreme and great ruler in the following states:
One entry found for emperor. Main Entry: em·per·or Pronunciation: em-pr-r, -prrFunction:noun Etymology: Middle English emperour "emperor," from early French emperur (same meaning), from Latin imperator "commander" (title assumed by Caesar Augustus), fromimperare "to command": the ruler of an empireWord History The word emperor is a general word for a ruler having total control of a country or region. There are similar words for such all-powerful rulers in various countries: the Caesars in ancient Rome, the czars in Russia, the kaisers in Germany. All these terms go back to one source: the first of the emperors of the Roman lands, known as Imperator Caesar Augustus. Augustus (whose name was really a title, meaning "majesty") was the adopted son of the great Roman general and ruler Julius Caesar. Augustus took the family name Caesar as part of his official name. Later emperors of Rome also used the name Caesar to show that they were heirs to the throne. This is how the word Caesar came to be used to mean "an emperor of Rome." The word Caesarwas spelled kaisar and later kaiser in the Germanic languages of Europe. It is from this word that we got our English word kaiser for "a ruler in Germany." Through the Russian word tsar', which also came from the Germanic word kaiser, we got our English wordczar, meaning "a ruler in Russia." Use of the word emperor itself can also be traced back to Imperator Caesar Augustus. The Latin word imperator was originally a title given to great Roman generals. The word meant "commander," and it was derived from the verbimperare "to command." It is because Augustus, the first Roman emperor, usedimperator as a title that we use emperor as we do today.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor
Novgorod/Holmgaard, Kiev of tzardom of Russia. History
Main article: History of Novgorodchiny Tradition says that in the VI century on the territory came tribes Krivichy, and in VIII century Slavic settlement in East European Plain tribe came Ilmenskie Slovenians. In the same area inhabited the Finno-Ugric tribes who have left the memory of himself in the names of many rivers and lakes.
C VIII - IX century (862 C) - Novgorod region (central part of its fifths);882-1136 - part of Kievan Rus;1136-1478 - in the Republic of Novgorod;in 1478 Novgorod region is the subject of the Moscow principality keep their fifths (Pyatina - County - Graveyard) division [4].Since 1708 the province IngermalandSince 1727 - the modern territory of the region was the western part of the province of Novgorod, and the 1918 and part of Cherepovets province, and from 1921 the two provinces were also part of the North West region.C August 1, 1927, the two provinces were abolished and the territory became part of the Novgorod Borovichsky County and the western part of the Cherepovets district of Leningrad and the territory of modern Holmskogo district - in Velikoluksky county.Since July 1930 the district was abolished in the division: areas, then into the area, and the city of Novgorod and Borovichy was subordinated directly to LenoblispolkomuJuly 5, 1944 - Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR was formed Novgorod Oblast in Russia of the districts formed in the Leningrad region, and the cities of regional subordination Novgorod, Staraya Russa and Borovichy.The region includes all of the modern districts of the region, with the exception of Kholmsk district - it's up to 1958 was a member of Velikoluksky area are eliminated through consolidation of their inclusion in the area now, was Molvotitsky district was abolished and re-established as Marevsky. In addition, during 1956 in the district Dregelskogo Boksitogorsky district Leningrad region were transferred to Dmitrov Mozolevski and village councils.
February 18, 1967 by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR Novgorod region was awarded the Order of Lenin
Ancient Rus
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthenia
Ruthenian noble families (boyars) Lithuanian Nobility.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthenia
These are some old Rus names in Russia and Sweden for the lands my kins of the Rurichs ruled
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus_(name)
Note: Rus is not Russian (slavic), it is as my finnish kin in Finland said, it is FINNISH! (finno urgian language)
Tsar (Tzar, Czar, or Csar) Bulgarian, Macedonian, Serbian and Ukrainian: цар; Russian: царь [tsarʲ] (help·info)) is a title used to designate certain European Slavic monarchs or supreme rulers. As a system of government in the Tsardom of Russia and Russian Empire, it is known as Tsarist autocracy, or Tsarism. The term is derived from the Latin word Caesar, which was intended to mean "Emperor" in the European medieval sense of the term - a ruler with the same rank as aRoman emperor, holding it by the approval of another emperor or a supreme ecclesiastical official (the Pope or theEcumenical Patriarch) - but was usually considered by western Europeans to be equivalent to king, or to be somewhat in between a royal and imperial rank.
Occasionally, the word could be used to designate other, secular, supreme rulers. In Russia and Bulgaria the imperial connotations of the term were blurred with time, due to the medieval translations of the Bible, and, by the 19th century, it had come to be viewed as an equivalent of King.
"Tsar" was the official title of the supreme and great ruler in the following states:
- First Bulgarian Empire, in 913–1018
- Second Bulgarian Empire, in 1185–1422
- Serbian Empire, in 1346–1371
- Tsardom of Russia, in 1547–1721 (replaced in 1721 by imperator, but remained in common usage until 1917)
- Tsardom of Bulgaria, in 1908–1946
One entry found for emperor. Main Entry: em·per·or Pronunciation: em-pr-r, -prrFunction:noun Etymology: Middle English emperour "emperor," from early French emperur (same meaning), from Latin imperator "commander" (title assumed by Caesar Augustus), fromimperare "to command": the ruler of an empireWord History The word emperor is a general word for a ruler having total control of a country or region. There are similar words for such all-powerful rulers in various countries: the Caesars in ancient Rome, the czars in Russia, the kaisers in Germany. All these terms go back to one source: the first of the emperors of the Roman lands, known as Imperator Caesar Augustus. Augustus (whose name was really a title, meaning "majesty") was the adopted son of the great Roman general and ruler Julius Caesar. Augustus took the family name Caesar as part of his official name. Later emperors of Rome also used the name Caesar to show that they were heirs to the throne. This is how the word Caesar came to be used to mean "an emperor of Rome." The word Caesarwas spelled kaisar and later kaiser in the Germanic languages of Europe. It is from this word that we got our English word kaiser for "a ruler in Germany." Through the Russian word tsar', which also came from the Germanic word kaiser, we got our English wordczar, meaning "a ruler in Russia." Use of the word emperor itself can also be traced back to Imperator Caesar Augustus. The Latin word imperator was originally a title given to great Roman generals. The word meant "commander," and it was derived from the verbimperare "to command." It is because Augustus, the first Roman emperor, usedimperator as a title that we use emperor as we do today.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor
Novgorod/Holmgaard, Kiev of tzardom of Russia. History
Main article: History of Novgorodchiny Tradition says that in the VI century on the territory came tribes Krivichy, and in VIII century Slavic settlement in East European Plain tribe came Ilmenskie Slovenians. In the same area inhabited the Finno-Ugric tribes who have left the memory of himself in the names of many rivers and lakes.
C VIII - IX century (862 C) - Novgorod region (central part of its fifths);882-1136 - part of Kievan Rus;1136-1478 - in the Republic of Novgorod;in 1478 Novgorod region is the subject of the Moscow principality keep their fifths (Pyatina - County - Graveyard) division [4].Since 1708 the province IngermalandSince 1727 - the modern territory of the region was the western part of the province of Novgorod, and the 1918 and part of Cherepovets province, and from 1921 the two provinces were also part of the North West region.C August 1, 1927, the two provinces were abolished and the territory became part of the Novgorod Borovichsky County and the western part of the Cherepovets district of Leningrad and the territory of modern Holmskogo district - in Velikoluksky county.Since July 1930 the district was abolished in the division: areas, then into the area, and the city of Novgorod and Borovichy was subordinated directly to LenoblispolkomuJuly 5, 1944 - Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR was formed Novgorod Oblast in Russia of the districts formed in the Leningrad region, and the cities of regional subordination Novgorod, Staraya Russa and Borovichy.The region includes all of the modern districts of the region, with the exception of Kholmsk district - it's up to 1958 was a member of Velikoluksky area are eliminated through consolidation of their inclusion in the area now, was Molvotitsky district was abolished and re-established as Marevsky. In addition, during 1956 in the district Dregelskogo Boksitogorsky district Leningrad region were transferred to Dmitrov Mozolevski and village councils.
February 18, 1967 by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR Novgorod region was awarded the Order of Lenin
Ancient Rus
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthenia
Ruthenian noble families (boyars) Lithuanian Nobility.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthenia
These are some old Rus names in Russia and Sweden for the lands my kins of the Rurichs ruled
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus_(name)
Note: Rus is not Russian (slavic), it is as my finnish kin in Finland said, it is FINNISH! (finno urgian language)
Knyaz
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
"Knez" redirects here. For other uses, see Knez (disambiguation).
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2008)
Until Boris I (852–889) the title of the Bulgarian monarchs was Knyaz. His son, Simeon I (893–927) adopted the title Tsar (Emperor) which became the title of the subsequent Bulgarian rulers.
Kniaz, knyaz or knez is a Slavic title found in most Slavic languages, denoting a royal nobility rank. It is usually translated into English either as Prince or less commonly as Duke.
In the Vatican, some Croatian un-crowned rulers and kings, such as Duke Trpimir I and King Stjepan Držislav, were referred to as "Dux Croatorum" or "Dux Chroatorum". Historians usually translate the title Duke as "Knez", but it's still a subject of discussion since "Knez" is commonly used to designate a nobleman, but not a monarch i.e. a king.
Today the term knez is still used as the most common translation of "prince" in Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian literature. Another translation is kraljević (Slovene: kraljevič) meaning "little king" or "kingly", such as Kraljević Marko, though this term is used to refer to a prince or princess of royal birth, son or daughter of a king. Knez is nowadays a very common surname in some ex-Yugoslavian countries, mostly inCroatia, Montenegro and Serbia, but also among immigrants in Slovenia and Bosnia
The female form transliterated from Bulgarian and Russian is knyaginya (княгиня), kniahynia (княгиня) in Ukrainian, kneginja in Slovene,Croatian and Serbian (Serbian Cyrillic: кнегиња). In Russian, the daughter of a knyaz is knyazhna (княжна), in Ukrainian is kniazivna(князівна). In Russian, the son of a knyaz is knyazhich (княжич) (old form).
The title is pronounced and written similarly in different European languages. In Croatian, Bosnian and West Slavic languages, such as Polish, and Serbian, the word has later come to denote "lord", and in Czech, Polish and Slovak also came to mean "priest" (kněz, ksiądz, kňaz) as well as "duke" (knez, kníže, książę, knieža).[1]
Khagan
Khagan or Kha Khan or Qagan (Old Turkic: Kaγan; Mongolian: хаан, Khaan, Mongolian Script: Qaγan; Chinese: Pinyin: Kè hán or Chinese: 大汗; pinyin: Dà hán; Persian: خاقان, Khāqān), alternatively spelled Kağan, Kagan, Khaghan, Kha-khan,Xagahn, Qaghan, Chagan, or Kha'an, is a title of imperial rank in the Mongolian and Turkic languages equal to the status of emperor and someone who rules a khaganate (empire). The words "khagan" and "khan" are distinct today, though historically they were the same.
It may also be translated as Khan of Khans, equivalent to King of Kings. In modern Mongolian, the title became Khaan with the 'g' sound becoming almost silent or non-existent (i.e., a very light voiceless velar fricative); the ğ in modern Turkish Kağan is also silent. Since the civil war of the Mongol Empire, Emperors of the Yuan Dynasty held the title of Khagan and their successors in Mongolia continued to have the title. Kağan is a common Turkish name in Turkey. The common western rendering as Great Khan (or Grand Khan), notably in the case of the Mongol Empire, is translation of Yekhe Khagan (Great Emperor or Их Хаан).
Tsar (Tzar, Czar, or Csar)
For other uses, see Tsar (disambiguation).
Reception of the Tsar of Russia in the Moscow Kremlin.
Tsar (Tzar, Czar, or Csar) Bulgarian, Macedonian, Serbian and Ukrainian: цар; Russian: царь [tsarʲ] (help·info)) is a title used to designate certain European Slavic monarchs or supreme rulers. As a system of government in the Tsardom of Russia and Russian Empire, it is known as Tsarist autocracy, or Tsarism. The term is derived from the Latin word Caesar, which was intended to mean "Emperor" in the European medieval sense of the term - a ruler with the same rank as aRoman emperor, holding it by the approval of another emperor or a supreme ecclesiastical official (the Pope or theEcumenical Patriarch) - but was usually considered by western Europeans to be equivalent to king, or to be somewhat in between a royal and imperial rank.
Occasionally, the word could be used to designate other, secular, supreme rulers. In Russia and Bulgaria the imperial connotations of the term were blurred with time, due to the medieval translations of the Bible, and, by the 19th century, it had come to be viewed as an equivalent of King.
"Tsar" was the official title of the supreme and great ruler in the following states:
One entry found for emperor. Main Entry: em·per·or Pronunciation: em-pr-r, -prrFunction:noun Etymology: Middle English emperour "emperor," from early French emperur (same meaning), from Latin imperator "commander" (title assumed by Caesar Augustus), fromimperare "to command": the ruler of an empireWord History The word emperor is a general word for a ruler having total control of a country or region. There are similar words for such all-powerful rulers in various countries: the Caesars in ancient Rome, the czars in Russia, the kaisers in Germany. All these terms go back to one source: the first of the emperors of the Roman lands, known as Imperator Caesar Augustus. Augustus (whose name was really a title, meaning "majesty") was the adopted son of the great Roman general and ruler Julius Caesar. Augustus took the family name Caesar as part of his official name. Later emperors of Rome also used the name Caesar to show that they were heirs to the throne. This is how the word Caesar came to be used to mean "an emperor of Rome." The word Caesarwas spelled kaisar and later kaiser in the Germanic languages of Europe. It is from this word that we got our English word kaiser for "a ruler in Germany." Through the Russian word tsar', which also came from the Germanic word kaiser, we got our English wordczar, meaning "a ruler in Russia." Use of the word emperor itself can also be traced back to Imperator Caesar Augustus. The Latin word imperator was originally a title given to great Roman generals. The word meant "commander," and it was derived from the verbimperare "to command." It is because Augustus, the first Roman emperor, usedimperator as a title that we use emperor as we do today.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor
Novgorod/Holmgaard, Kiev of tzardom of Russia. History
Main article: History of Novgorodchiny Tradition says that in the VI century on the territory came tribes Krivichy, and in VIII century Slavic settlement in East European Plain tribe came Ilmenskie Slovenians. In the same area inhabited the Finno-Ugric tribes who have left the memory of himself in the names of many rivers and lakes.
C VIII - IX century (862 C) - Novgorod region (central part of its fifths);882-1136 - part of Kievan Rus;1136-1478 - in the Republic of Novgorod;in 1478 Novgorod region is the subject of the Moscow principality keep their fifths (Pyatina - County - Graveyard) division [4].Since 1708 the province IngermalandSince 1727 - the modern territory of the region was the western part of the province of Novgorod, and the 1918 and part of Cherepovets province, and from 1921 the two provinces were also part of the North West region.C August 1, 1927, the two provinces were abolished and the territory became part of the Novgorod Borovichsky County and the western part of the Cherepovets district of Leningrad and the territory of modern Holmskogo district - in Velikoluksky county.Since July 1930 the district was abolished in the division: areas, then into the area, and the city of Novgorod and Borovichy was subordinated directly to LenoblispolkomuJuly 5, 1944 - Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR was formed Novgorod Oblast in Russia of the districts formed in the Leningrad region, and the cities of regional subordination Novgorod, Staraya Russa and Borovichy.The region includes all of the modern districts of the region, with the exception of Kholmsk district - it's up to 1958 was a member of Velikoluksky area are eliminated through consolidation of their inclusion in the area now, was Molvotitsky district was abolished and re-established as Marevsky. In addition, during 1956 in the district Dregelskogo Boksitogorsky district Leningrad region were transferred to Dmitrov Mozolevski and village councils.
February 18, 1967 by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR Novgorod region was awarded the Order of Lenin
Ancient Rus
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthenia
Ruthenian noble families (boyars) Lithuanian Nobility.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthenia
These are some old Rus names in Russia and Sweden for the lands my kins of the Rurichs ruled
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus_(name)
Note: Rus is not Russian (slavic), it is as my finnish kin in Finland said, it is FINNISH! (finno urgian language)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
"Knez" redirects here. For other uses, see Knez (disambiguation).
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2008)
Until Boris I (852–889) the title of the Bulgarian monarchs was Knyaz. His son, Simeon I (893–927) adopted the title Tsar (Emperor) which became the title of the subsequent Bulgarian rulers.
Kniaz, knyaz or knez is a Slavic title found in most Slavic languages, denoting a royal nobility rank. It is usually translated into English either as Prince or less commonly as Duke.
In the Vatican, some Croatian un-crowned rulers and kings, such as Duke Trpimir I and King Stjepan Držislav, were referred to as "Dux Croatorum" or "Dux Chroatorum". Historians usually translate the title Duke as "Knez", but it's still a subject of discussion since "Knez" is commonly used to designate a nobleman, but not a monarch i.e. a king.
Today the term knez is still used as the most common translation of "prince" in Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian literature. Another translation is kraljević (Slovene: kraljevič) meaning "little king" or "kingly", such as Kraljević Marko, though this term is used to refer to a prince or princess of royal birth, son or daughter of a king. Knez is nowadays a very common surname in some ex-Yugoslavian countries, mostly inCroatia, Montenegro and Serbia, but also among immigrants in Slovenia and Bosnia
The female form transliterated from Bulgarian and Russian is knyaginya (княгиня), kniahynia (княгиня) in Ukrainian, kneginja in Slovene,Croatian and Serbian (Serbian Cyrillic: кнегиња). In Russian, the daughter of a knyaz is knyazhna (княжна), in Ukrainian is kniazivna(князівна). In Russian, the son of a knyaz is knyazhich (княжич) (old form).
The title is pronounced and written similarly in different European languages. In Croatian, Bosnian and West Slavic languages, such as Polish, and Serbian, the word has later come to denote "lord", and in Czech, Polish and Slovak also came to mean "priest" (kněz, ksiądz, kňaz) as well as "duke" (knez, kníže, książę, knieža).[1]
Khagan
Khagan or Kha Khan or Qagan (Old Turkic: Kaγan; Mongolian: хаан, Khaan, Mongolian Script: Qaγan; Chinese: Pinyin: Kè hán or Chinese: 大汗; pinyin: Dà hán; Persian: خاقان, Khāqān), alternatively spelled Kağan, Kagan, Khaghan, Kha-khan,Xagahn, Qaghan, Chagan, or Kha'an, is a title of imperial rank in the Mongolian and Turkic languages equal to the status of emperor and someone who rules a khaganate (empire). The words "khagan" and "khan" are distinct today, though historically they were the same.
It may also be translated as Khan of Khans, equivalent to King of Kings. In modern Mongolian, the title became Khaan with the 'g' sound becoming almost silent or non-existent (i.e., a very light voiceless velar fricative); the ğ in modern Turkish Kağan is also silent. Since the civil war of the Mongol Empire, Emperors of the Yuan Dynasty held the title of Khagan and their successors in Mongolia continued to have the title. Kağan is a common Turkish name in Turkey. The common western rendering as Great Khan (or Grand Khan), notably in the case of the Mongol Empire, is translation of Yekhe Khagan (Great Emperor or Их Хаан).
Tsar (Tzar, Czar, or Csar)
For other uses, see Tsar (disambiguation).
Reception of the Tsar of Russia in the Moscow Kremlin.
Tsar (Tzar, Czar, or Csar) Bulgarian, Macedonian, Serbian and Ukrainian: цар; Russian: царь [tsarʲ] (help·info)) is a title used to designate certain European Slavic monarchs or supreme rulers. As a system of government in the Tsardom of Russia and Russian Empire, it is known as Tsarist autocracy, or Tsarism. The term is derived from the Latin word Caesar, which was intended to mean "Emperor" in the European medieval sense of the term - a ruler with the same rank as aRoman emperor, holding it by the approval of another emperor or a supreme ecclesiastical official (the Pope or theEcumenical Patriarch) - but was usually considered by western Europeans to be equivalent to king, or to be somewhat in between a royal and imperial rank.
Occasionally, the word could be used to designate other, secular, supreme rulers. In Russia and Bulgaria the imperial connotations of the term were blurred with time, due to the medieval translations of the Bible, and, by the 19th century, it had come to be viewed as an equivalent of King.
"Tsar" was the official title of the supreme and great ruler in the following states:
- First Bulgarian Empire, in 913–1018
- Second Bulgarian Empire, in 1185–1422
- Serbian Empire, in 1346–1371
- Tsardom of Russia, in 1547–1721 (replaced in 1721 by imperator, but remained in common usage until 1917)
- Tsardom of Bulgaria, in 1908–1946
One entry found for emperor. Main Entry: em·per·or Pronunciation: em-pr-r, -prrFunction:noun Etymology: Middle English emperour "emperor," from early French emperur (same meaning), from Latin imperator "commander" (title assumed by Caesar Augustus), fromimperare "to command": the ruler of an empireWord History The word emperor is a general word for a ruler having total control of a country or region. There are similar words for such all-powerful rulers in various countries: the Caesars in ancient Rome, the czars in Russia, the kaisers in Germany. All these terms go back to one source: the first of the emperors of the Roman lands, known as Imperator Caesar Augustus. Augustus (whose name was really a title, meaning "majesty") was the adopted son of the great Roman general and ruler Julius Caesar. Augustus took the family name Caesar as part of his official name. Later emperors of Rome also used the name Caesar to show that they were heirs to the throne. This is how the word Caesar came to be used to mean "an emperor of Rome." The word Caesarwas spelled kaisar and later kaiser in the Germanic languages of Europe. It is from this word that we got our English word kaiser for "a ruler in Germany." Through the Russian word tsar', which also came from the Germanic word kaiser, we got our English wordczar, meaning "a ruler in Russia." Use of the word emperor itself can also be traced back to Imperator Caesar Augustus. The Latin word imperator was originally a title given to great Roman generals. The word meant "commander," and it was derived from the verbimperare "to command." It is because Augustus, the first Roman emperor, usedimperator as a title that we use emperor as we do today.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor
Novgorod/Holmgaard, Kiev of tzardom of Russia. History
Main article: History of Novgorodchiny Tradition says that in the VI century on the territory came tribes Krivichy, and in VIII century Slavic settlement in East European Plain tribe came Ilmenskie Slovenians. In the same area inhabited the Finno-Ugric tribes who have left the memory of himself in the names of many rivers and lakes.
C VIII - IX century (862 C) - Novgorod region (central part of its fifths);882-1136 - part of Kievan Rus;1136-1478 - in the Republic of Novgorod;in 1478 Novgorod region is the subject of the Moscow principality keep their fifths (Pyatina - County - Graveyard) division [4].Since 1708 the province IngermalandSince 1727 - the modern territory of the region was the western part of the province of Novgorod, and the 1918 and part of Cherepovets province, and from 1921 the two provinces were also part of the North West region.C August 1, 1927, the two provinces were abolished and the territory became part of the Novgorod Borovichsky County and the western part of the Cherepovets district of Leningrad and the territory of modern Holmskogo district - in Velikoluksky county.Since July 1930 the district was abolished in the division: areas, then into the area, and the city of Novgorod and Borovichy was subordinated directly to LenoblispolkomuJuly 5, 1944 - Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR was formed Novgorod Oblast in Russia of the districts formed in the Leningrad region, and the cities of regional subordination Novgorod, Staraya Russa and Borovichy.The region includes all of the modern districts of the region, with the exception of Kholmsk district - it's up to 1958 was a member of Velikoluksky area are eliminated through consolidation of their inclusion in the area now, was Molvotitsky district was abolished and re-established as Marevsky. In addition, during 1956 in the district Dregelskogo Boksitogorsky district Leningrad region were transferred to Dmitrov Mozolevski and village councils.
February 18, 1967 by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR Novgorod region was awarded the Order of Lenin
Ancient Rus
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthenia
Ruthenian noble families (boyars) Lithuanian Nobility.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthenia
These are some old Rus names in Russia and Sweden for the lands my kins of the Rurichs ruled
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus_(name)
Note: Rus is not Russian (slavic), it is as my finnish kin in Finland said, it is FINNISH! (finno urgian language)
Boyars. The upper ruling class of Kyivan Rus'. The class consisted of landed boyars and senior members of the princes' armed retinues and courts (ie, the boyar-warriors). This distinction disappeared in the 11th century as the warrior nobility acquired estates and the landed nobility served in increasing numbers at the princes' courts. Yet differences in social status gave rise to a new distinction between the older and the younger armed retinue. The boyars never constituted a separate estate with its own special privileges. Membership in the group was open to anyone who held a high post at court or in the administration or who had amassed a large fortune. The boyars formed their own council (Boyar Council), which, together with the prince and the popular assembly (viche), composed the supreme power of a principality or a territory.
After the decline of the Kyivan state the wealthier and hereditary part of the boyars entered the closed estate of the Polish and Lithuanian nobility. The poorer boyars lost some of their privileges and were reduced to the status of a seminoble estate called the pantsyrni boyars and putni boyars (branch nobles), who administered parts of the prince's land, and later even to the status of peasants. In the Polish-Lithuanian period the upper stratum of the boyars adopted the title of lord (pan) or landowner (zemian), while the old title of boyar was used by petty officials. The lower stratum of the boyars and the petty nobility struggled for their rights for a long time. When the various editions of the Lithuanian Statute were published in 1529 and 1584 and the Polish-Lithuanian union was concluded, the petty boyars won equality before the law with the rich nobles and the right to trial in the nobility's land courts on an equal footing with the lords (pany). This lasted to the end of the 18th century on Ukrainian territories ruled by Poland. The surviving members of the Ukrainian boyar class who switched their allegiance to the Cossack state and the Zaporozhian Host received only the rights based on military service, regardless of lineage. The title of boyar in the Russian Empire was abolished by Peter I. By that time most of the boyars had been reduced to peasants.
Yaroslav Padokh, Andrii Yakovliv
[This article originally appeared in the Encyclopedia of Ukraine, vol. 1 (1984).]
Source Encyclopedia of Ukraine: http://boyars.askdefine.com/http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CB%5CO%5CBoyars.htm
After the decline of the Kyivan state the wealthier and hereditary part of the boyars entered the closed estate of the Polish and Lithuanian nobility. The poorer boyars lost some of their privileges and were reduced to the status of a seminoble estate called the pantsyrni boyars and putni boyars (branch nobles), who administered parts of the prince's land, and later even to the status of peasants. In the Polish-Lithuanian period the upper stratum of the boyars adopted the title of lord (pan) or landowner (zemian), while the old title of boyar was used by petty officials. The lower stratum of the boyars and the petty nobility struggled for their rights for a long time. When the various editions of the Lithuanian Statute were published in 1529 and 1584 and the Polish-Lithuanian union was concluded, the petty boyars won equality before the law with the rich nobles and the right to trial in the nobility's land courts on an equal footing with the lords (pany). This lasted to the end of the 18th century on Ukrainian territories ruled by Poland. The surviving members of the Ukrainian boyar class who switched their allegiance to the Cossack state and the Zaporozhian Host received only the rights based on military service, regardless of lineage. The title of boyar in the Russian Empire was abolished by Peter I. By that time most of the boyars had been reduced to peasants.
Yaroslav Padokh, Andrii Yakovliv
[This article originally appeared in the Encyclopedia of Ukraine, vol. 1 (1984).]
Source Encyclopedia of Ukraine: http://boyars.askdefine.com/http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CB%5CO%5CBoyars.htm
Book suggestions to read about the Boyars (Please click the link, the books is readble online)
- Kinship and Politics: The Making of the Muscovite Political System, 1345-1547 By Nancy Shields Kollmann
- Peter the Great By Paul Bushkovitch
- Muscovy and the Mongols: Cross-Cultural Influences on the Steppe Frontier By Donald Ostrowsk
- The Slavs in European History and Civilization By Francis Dvornik
- By Honor Bound: State and Society in Early Modern Russia By Nancy Shields Kollmann
- Lord and Peasant in Russia: From the Ninth to the Nineteenth Century By Jerome Blum
- Russische und Ukrainische Geschichte Vom 16.-18. Jahrhundert edited by Robert O. Crummey
